4.1. \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ec7p<\/strong>
\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1eabu ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 v\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, n\u1ed9i dung hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c file \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 Word, Excel,\u2026<\/p>\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong folder th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng khi mua h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p, th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef khi c\u1ea7n in. File t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, h\u1ecd t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, t\u00ean h\u00e0ng mua, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mua, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3\u2026<\/p>\n
4.2. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p<\/strong>
\nTrong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e2y, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi. M\u1ed7i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u00fat, m\u1ed7i n\u00fat \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.
\nC\u00e2y th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi theo c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t n\u00fat cha sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u n\u00fat con. Gi\u1eefa n\u00fat cha v\u00e0 n\u00fat con c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7, m\u1ed7i n\u00fat con ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u00fat cha.<\/p>\n4.3. D\u1ea1ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong>
\n\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec7p \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p l\u1edbn, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ghi.
\nC\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 cha-con.
\n\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n4.4. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u quan h\u1ec7<\/strong>
\nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb theo h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9t. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng, trong m\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ghi, c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng c\u1ed9t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n4.5. \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>
\nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7 n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi gi\u00fap l\u01b0u tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i dung h\u00e0nh vi h\u01a1n trong b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean \u0111ang ngh\u0129 g\u00ec.<\/p>\nM\u1ed7i b\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, m\u1ed7i h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: MS SQL Server, Oracle, PostgreSQL, v.v.<\/p>\n
4.6. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u00e1n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/strong>
\nTrong lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng XML, th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng th\u1ebb. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00ean r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n<\/span>5. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/span><\/h6>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/metmar.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/co-so-du-lieu-1.png\" "\\"\\"")
<\/p>\n
5.1. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec? <\/strong><\/p>\nSau khi hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.
\n+ \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0u tr\u1eef. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1edfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd.
\n+ Thao t\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
5.2. V\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/strong>
\nMySQL: H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u1ed1t. Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web. Oracle: l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kinh doanh. SQLite: Nh\u1ecf, g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng. MongoDB: Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 truy v\u1ea5n th\u00f4ng tin
\nPostgreSQL: T\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng gian. Redis: Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb key, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n5.3. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>
\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp
\n\u2013 Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u1ed9i dung d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, v.v.<\/p>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o n\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.
\n\u2013 Database Accessor: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m truy v\u1ea5n, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o.<\/p>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp
\nNh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n
5.4. L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong>
\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng d\u01b0 th\u1eeba d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n truy c\u1eadp b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.
\n– Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.
\n– \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft
\n– Cho ph\u00e9p sao l\u01b0u v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<\/span>6. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u MySQL<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\nMySQL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web. N\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi PHP ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean website v\u1edbi \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 Linux, Windows,…<\/p>\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1eadc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. 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